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Illegal arming and misuse of firearms
HLINOVSKÝ, Jakub
This thesis is focusing on the issue of illegal arming and misuse of firearms. The exact number of illegal weapons and their incidence is virtually undetectable. Illegal armaments and with that closely related misuse of firearms are global problems, which are not necessarily connected with criminal activities. The objective of this thesis is to theoretically and empirically map the issues of illegal arming and misuse of firearms in the Czech Republic. In the introductory theoretical section are define fundamental concepts and summarize the Czech "weapon" legislation in force. The section also describes the preparation for the implementation of European norms and with that connected preparation of the Czech weapon legislation change. The section follows with a description of the types of weapons, methods of obtaining legal weapons and firearms license, incursion of weapons into the black market, illegal weapons, their legalization and use of legislation in the fight against illegal armaments. There are also specific cases connected to the misuse of firearms, which illustrates the topicality of the addressed topic. The data, of the practical part of the study, were obtained from the official statistics of the crime department and statistics from the Police Presidium of the Czech Republic. The objective of the study is to descriptively map and analyse development of emergencies with the use of firearms in the Czech Republic in the years 2010 - 2019. Three basic research questions are formulated, to which an answer will be sought. The questions will be answered using the mapping of the development of illegal arming and the misuse of firearms in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the definition of the activities of individual components of the integrated rescue system in the intervention against an active shooter and legislative measures focusing on the issue of firearms in the civilian sector. In the period under review the results of the collected data show that the incidence of cases of illegal arming stagnates and the misuse of firearms has been declining for a long time. Legally held firearms are more often misused to commit crimes. It was also found that weapons are the most frequently misused for dangerous threats, intentional assault and robbery. The results of the research and the conclusions can be used for study purposes and as material for the protection of the population. It is important to address this issue, as the effects of illegal arming are significant. The long-standing unresolved issue of illegal weapons could cause many serious problems with an impact on human health, lives, the economy or possibly society as a whole.
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Western Music in the Post-1968 Czechoslovakia
Havlík, Adam ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee)
This paper addresses the peculiar topic of western music in post 1968 Czechoslovakia with emphasis on the official music scene. It shows how western music was actually treated in Czechoslovakian society and how the image of western music was shaped within the public discourse , including many significant ambiguities. It also follows various ways (legal and also illegal) in which ordinary people used to obtain foreign music records in the era of late socialism. An analysis of actual impact of western music on Czechoslovak popular music and the role of institutions within that is also present. This paper could thus be considered as a modest contribution to the social and cultural history of socialist dictatorships.
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Tracking and tracing technology on the tobacco market
Rosová, Lýdia ; Rathouský, Bedřich (advisor) ; Procházka, Jan (referee)
This master thesis focuses on application of tracking and tracing technologies in the tobacco industry. As per Directive 2014/40/EU, overall trackability and traceability will be an obligation for all unit packs of tobacco products. The reason for this is the fight against the black market. The thesis analyses the current track and trace technologies, evaluates the important points of the Directive and describes tobacco market specifications. The core is to propose a specific technology for this objective and to summarise essential features of the system. In addition, a technology called Codentify is described in detail, as it has the potential to fulfil the legislative demands.
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Unintended consequences of drug prohibition: How does the drug abuse start?
Džmuráň, Daniel ; Schwarz, Jiří (advisor) ; Mikolášek, Jakub (referee)
Drug abuse is a major contemporary issue that draws attention of scientists as well as of the general public. Attitudes towards drug prohibition, however, differ greatly. On the one hand, the so called prohibitionists emphasize that each country needs to fight drug abuse. Their critics, on the other hand, argue that this approach constitutes baseless interfererence with the free market and personal freedom. In addition, oponents of drug prohibition point out to the various unintended consequences that the prohibition brings along. Author of this text pays a special attention to the concept of these consequences and, as a result, gives a detailed overview of existing research on unintended consequences in the context of drug prohibition. The main goal of this text is to contribute into the discussion on drug prohibition by conducting a specific empirical research that discloses one of the negative consequences of the prohibition - the illegal black market. Being a direct effect of the drug prohibition, the black market increases the availability of drugs to teenagers. The validity of this effect was confirmed by data obtained by questionnaires from a sample of Prague drug users. The reason is that the data shows that the entrance into the black market for teenagers is enabled by their immediate...
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Western Music in the Post-1968 Czechoslovakia
Havlík, Adam ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee)
This paper addresses the peculiar topic of western music in post 1968 Czechoslovakia with emphasis on the official music scene. It shows how western music was actually treated in Czechoslovakian society and how the image of western music was shaped within the public discourse , including many significant ambiguities. It also follows various ways (legal and also illegal) in which ordinary people used to obtain foreign music records in the era of late socialism. An analysis of actual impact of western music on Czechoslovak popular music and the role of institutions within that is also present. This paper could thus be considered as a modest contribution to the social and cultural history of socialist dictatorships.
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Determinants of drug prices
Lazarenkov, Oleg ; Vacek, Vladislav (advisor) ; Hoffman, Andrej (referee)
The aim of this dissertation is to gain practical and theoretical knowledge of the drug market, examine how this market functions and conduct an analysis of illegal drug prices and their determinants in the U.S. This study highlights the drug market's unique properties and discusses how it functions in the initial stage of its formation, as well as how it responds to external interventions. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are employed in this study. The most important price determinants of selected narcotic substances on the American market are analyzed in order to demonstrate that this market does not always act in accordance with economic principles due to the elasticity and uniqueness of this product. The findings are supported by an original econometric model which includes all of the most important factors from the period 1989 through 2011.
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Lottery industry in the Czech republic - development and regulation since 2012
Lenc, Martin ; Ježek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (referee)
Thesis deals with the gambling industry in the Czech Republic since 2012, when the major amendment of lottery act was introduced, which allowed municipalities to regulate or eventually completely prohibit gambling with generally binding ordinances. The complete ban, which began to be implemented within some municipalities, caused an emergence of the black market. This economically interesting phenomenon is in terms of the thesis resolved - its origin and forms of expression. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the emergence of new laws that will gradually apply from 2016 and 2017. It analyses the impact on companies operating in the sector, the state budget and municipal budgets. There is also research of background data and economic models that the Ministry of Finance results from and in contrast to the critical analysis of the social costs of gambling it is being considered whether prepared regulation in the form of substantial increases in taxes is adequate or not. As the solution method was chosen descriptive analysis of relevant materials, especially the outputs from the Ministry of Finance, specifically established institutions, municipalities and real companies operating in the sector, as well as explanatory reports from lawmakers proposing new laws. The executed analysis provides a critical look at some of the background bases of the regulator. It impeaches the calculation of the social costs of gambling, which are further imbedded into a broader context in order to revalue the severity of the problem. Also is examined the estimation of the additional revenue from gambling after the tax increase, shifting the point of profitability and the transition to the emergence of a black market. The main contribution of this thesis is the emphasis on the greatest possible objectivity in the analyzing and processing of a wide range of inputs, which are further critically evaluated. This thesis comprehensively summarizes the situation of the gambling industry, its present and future regulation considering its bases and possible impacts.
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Analysis of market with anabolic-androgenic steroids
Holčapek, František ; Běláčková, Vendula (advisor) ; Chmelová, Pavla (referee)
This thesis deals with the black market of enhancing drugs with a particular focus on androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS). Medical studies agree that these substances in the form and quantity abused by athletes to improve performance are damaging the body and therefore author is looking for recommendations for economic policy on how to reduce rate of this abuse. The study of economic literature (especially the Becker's "Theory of rational addiction") shows that users of AAS are rational, often even more rational than users of other harmful substances, because they abuse these substances with long-term plan. The reason of this purposeful approach is that the desired "delight" is derived from hard-earned success unlike other drugs and therefore abuse of AAS is associated with discipline, calculation and hence a (limited ) rationality. Economists building on Becker 's theory point out to cases where this limitation is so significant that it justifies regulation. This thesis is based on the assumption (supported by studies) that prohibition or penalizing the users themselves are ineffective instruments and therefore is the author looking for alternative solution. The author believes that the main stimulators of demand for AAS are misleading media; benevolent government's approach towards bodybuilding competitions; and finally the prohibition leading to the formation of the black market which makes it impossible for (potential ) users to become optimally informed about health risks etc. This hypothesis is being tested in questionnaire survey distributed mainly through social networks. Finally, the author sets out recommendations for economic policy: that restrictive hand of the state should focus attention in the opposite direction than before i.e., the demand side and thereby subtly demotivate users themselves.
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Impacts of changes in taxation on consumption of tobacco products, government budget and illegal market in the Czech Republic
Vašíčková, Pavla ; Ševčík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šlajs, Jan (referee)
The thesis describes and analyzes the excise tax on tobacco products and the relevant market in the Czech Republic. Changes of the excise tax on tobacco products in the Czech Republic and their impacts on the public finance, on sales of tobacco products, and on illegal market trading these products are analyzed as well as effects of government regulation on the tobacco products market. The thesis concludes that increasing excise taxes, due to the Peltzman effect, may lead to originally unintended consequences which are in the contradiction to arguments in favor of the tax increase. Distortions on the tobacco products' market make the efficient regulation difficult.
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